Evolution characteristics of crack and energy of low-grade highway under impact load

To analyse the feasibility of low-grade highway as a launch site in military applications and improve pavement crushing technology civilian applications, this study investigates evolution characteristics under impact load, including deflection, crack, energy, via continuum–discontinuum element method (CDEM). end, paper proposes an energy statistics algorithm, correctness is verified. Then, quarter three-dimensional numerical model asphalt concrete established, effectiveness CDEM simulating deflection load validated. Finally, existing structure selected to simulation. The results demonstrate consistency between variations at centre load. primarily caused by compressive deformation subgrade. Crack planes mainly occur when increases rapidly. variation various constituent energies different but closely related change